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With the continuous development of science and technology, woodworking tools have also developed from purely manual to electric tools, and many traditional hand-operated woodworking tools have been gradually replaced by electric tools. So, what are the woodworking power tools? how to use?

There are many categories of basic woodworking tools, and there are many subcategories under the category. Only the commonly used basic tools are introduced here.

1. Planer

Table planer is usually the basis of traditional woodworking, and it is the most basic power tool. The work of the table planer can be replaced with a hand saw and a hand plane after the line is made with the ink fountain. The rotating speed of the table planer is usually low, and the planed surface will have large ripples, so it cannot be used directly.

2. Press planer

Press planer is a common woodworking tool. In order to ensure a relatively uniform planed surface, it is usually automatically fed at a constant speed, generally 6-8 meters per minute. The speed of the pressing planer is usually higher, and the planed surface is much smoother and more flat than the table planer. Since the wood is placed between the blade and the base plate, batches of wood can be processed with good final specification consistency. It belongs to the efficiency equipment, and the manual plane can also be used to replace this function.

3. Table saw (flip-chip chainsaw)

Table saw is one of the most basic tools for woodworking. Now the finished table saw generally has functions such as lifting and tilting, and has accessories such as backing and pushing plates. The basic purpose of the table saw is to cut the material with the backing (foot), that is, to cut the wood into the section size we need. From an economic point of view, many people will use ordinary hand saws to be flipped and converted into table saws. If they also want to have the basic functions of ordinary finished table saws, they need to choose a hand saw that can be lifted and tilted for modification. Table saws can be used for tenoning, grooving and many other purposes with suitable accessories and saw blades.

4. Handheld circular saw

Hand-held circular saws are ordinary chainsaws. They are generally used on materials that are larger in size and cannot be used on table saws. They are mostly used to open large finger-joint boards, and to cut long and thick wooden squares. Many hand-held circular saws are now adjustable for height and tilt. There are also more rechargeable circular saws on the market, which use DC power and are more convenient to use.

5. Bench drill

The size and power of the bench drill are quite different. Generally, it is used for vertical drilling, digging holes, etc. Due to the large weight and the bottom plate, it is convenient to set the depth, replace the drill bit, and cooperate with the template to do a lot of work. Drills, hole saws, aircraft hole saws, etc. are used as accessories. Generally, the power of the bench drill is large, and the speed and torque are adjustable.

6. Hand drill

The electric hand drill is the basic woodworking tool, and it is also one of the most common and widely used electric tools. Due to the small size of the hand drill, it is very flexible compared to the bench drill, so it is widely used. There are two categories of electric hand drills: charging and plugging, which are further divided into ordinary drills, impact drills, electric hammers, and electric picks. The impact drill has an impact function, which can hit cement walls and ceramic tiles. It is relatively accurate, but the power is generally not large. It is limited to punching finer installation holes. Generally, the electric hammer has high power for penetrating walls, punching large holes, etc., and is generally used for decoration. . Electric picks are generally very powerful and are mostly used in engineering.

7. Electric screwdriver

A simple understanding of an electric screwdriver is a tool used to replace a screwdriver. Since woodworkers often use various self-tapping screws, it is very difficult to use longer and more screwdrivers on a manual screwdriver, and an electric screwdriver is very practical to use. Electric screwdrivers are usually charging tools, ranging from 6V to 24V, mostly 7.2V-18V batteries, and mostly industrial-grade plug-in tools. The principle of the electric screwdriver is basically the same as that of the electric drill, but the rotation speed is low, the torque is large, and most of them have torque adjustment, which can be used with various screwdriver heads to adapt to different types of self-tapping. Some electric screwdrivers also have the function of electric drill.

8. Engraving machine (bakelite milling)

The engraving machine is a tool used by both professional manufacturers and enthusiasts. The woodworking engraving machine is also called a bakelite milling machine. It is not an index-controlled engraving machine. Large-scale bakelite milling machines have large diameters and are not introduced. The engraving machine can be used with various blades to complete various functions such as slotting, trimming, digging, tenoning, and color. There are about dozens of commonly used cutter heads, and hundreds of common ones. The engraving machine can cooperate with the template to do various carvings, lettering, graphics, special shapes, etc. The engraving machine originated in Europe and the United States. The caliber of the blade is generally British, with a 2/1 aperture, which is about 12.7 mm. There are usually two categories of engraving machines: adjustment type and compression spring type. Adjustable engraving machines are mostly used for flipping, and the 890 of Bupai is typical. Compression spring engraving machines are mostly hand-held, typically DeWalt 618.

9. Trimming machine

A simple understanding of the trimming machine is a small bakelite milling machine, which is small in size and low in power. There are also many types of blades, but they are generally smaller. Because of its lightness, it is very convenient to operate with one hand, and it is mostly used for trimming, so it is called a trimming machine. The function is basically the same as that of the engraving machine, but the working depth and width are limited to the power and cannot be too large.

10. Electric circular grinding (square grinding)

Electric circular grinding refers to a kind of electric equipment with brushed bottom plate, which can quickly replace brushed sandpaper. Generally, it is small in size, flexible and convenient to operate, and can be operated with one hand. The rotating speed of the electric circular grinder is relatively high, and it generally rotates eccentrically. It can be used to treat the surface of various boards and wood. By changing the brushed sandpaper with different meshes, the surface of most wood can be treated. The square grinding base plate is square or rectangular, and the wood surface is processed by the principle of front and rear high-speed vibration.

In addition to the above woodworking power tools, woodworking power tools also include biscuit tenoning machine, desktop engraving machine (flip), jig saw, air pump (nail and paint), nail gun, desktop abrasive belt (drum) machine, angle grinder, hand-held Electric planer, desktop engraving (pulling) saw, band saw, etc.

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In our daily lives, there are a lot of ongoing gardening work and renovation projects, which can be easily completed with the help of cordless power tools. I recently bought an 18-inch cordless chainsaw for household use, and I like it very much. I can cut down trees up to 12 inches in diameter without worrying about it not starting or pulling the starting line-it’s worth buying. My cordless chainsaw is powered by a 40 V/5 Ah lithium ion battery or 200 Wh, which can effectively provide about 200 W for 1 hour. Or, provide about 400 W for about 30 minutes, depending on the motor.

Power tools, especially cordless power tools, came out in 1961, when Black and Decker created the first cordless electric drill, which was mainly sold to industrial and commercial companies. In 1969, Makita released the 6500D, which was the first rechargeable cordless drill sold to the general public.

Today’s power tool suppliers are experiencing explosive growth. As individuals spend more time at home, many people make renovations on their own, while others are hiring contractors to make improvements or upgrades to change the landscape. In addition, the growth of Industry 4.0 has led to recent technological innovations in brushless DC (BLDC) motors and lithium batteries. Power tool buyers benefit from a practical, buyer-friendly, and easy-to-use cordless power tool ecosystem that includes hundreds of tool types and is powered by two to four battery systems.

For example, Table 1 lists a company’s ecosystem of hundreds of power tools. These products are powered by 3 different lithium-ion battery systems; M12, M18 and MX Fuel, which naturally expand to the power required for the corresponding work. No matter what the job or project, this power tool company can provide everything you need, from simple drill bits to jackhammers, construction site lighting, chain saws, nail guns, sanders, heavy saws, rivets and even electric clothing.

01 Industry 4.0

Cordless power tools are also gaining market share in various industries such as auto workers, aerospace, white goods and agricultural equipment manufacturers, and Industry 4.0. This is due to improved mobility, safety, higher torque, higher accuracy and data collection capabilities. The advancement of lithium battery technology reduces cables and tripping hazards, enables workers to move freely in a narrow range and eliminates concerns about accidental cuts in power cables, thereby realizing freedom of movement.

Product quality, reliability, and longevity can be directly attributed to the torque and revolutions per minute (RPM) control indicators that maintain precise calibration during factory manufacturing and assembly. The latest innovation in BLDC motor control achieves very strict control and accuracy of torque and RPM. Some cordless power tools include Wi-Fi or Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) so that a centralized controller can ensure that all devices are assembled accurately and consistently.

For example, five factory workers can install fasteners on five assembly lines in three different shifts. The wireless connection enables 24/7 user-certified RPM/torque control accuracy and repeatability on all 5 assembly lines, not to mention automatic real-time data logging to meet quality manufacturing compliance indicators and historical program tracking.

02
Mobility

The mobility of power tools has many meanings. The tractor driver has a cordless lithium ion drill in the engine room for use in case of malfunction, which is of great benefit to them. Agricultural workers can carry out small equipment repairs without having to return to their barns. Wind and solar installation technicians benefit because it is impractical to run power cables longer than 100 feet.

The same is true for residential/commercial equipment such as oil/gas stoves, heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC), electrical updates and inspections of plumbing systems, preventive maintenance and on-site repair services.

Moreover, for new construction sites, when there is no main power supply, the traditional generator power supply may bring stress to the motor of the wired power tool due to the fluctuation of the power supply on the line, especially when many power tools are working in parallel. . Or, if the fuel of the generator is accidentally depleted during use, the motor will be damaged. Many new construction sites now use generators to charge multiple batteries to buffer the power tool motors from fluctuations in AC power.

The lithium-ion battery provides a very clean DC voltage to the motor, which maximizes the service life of the motor. Wherever it is difficult for workers to access, cordless tools can help.

03

Lithium-ion battery

Most cordless power tools use 18650-shaped cylindrical lithium-ion batteries. 18 means that the diameter is 18 mm, and 650 means that the length is 65.0 mm.

The rated voltage of the 18650 ranges from 3.3 V to 3.7 V, depending on its cathode chemical composition. Sometimes called a “jelly roll battery” (the internal anode, cathode, separator and electrolyte are rolled on a central axis), 18650 can be connected in series to increase voltage, or in parallel to increase capacity, or both Of. For example, five 3.6 V (nominal) 3 Ah batteries connected in series = 18 V (5 x 3.6 V), or 54 Wh (3 Ah x 18 V).

Cordless power tool suppliers work closely with Li-ion battery suppliers to optimize “Maximum Continuous Discharge” (MCD) performance and cost, weight, charge rate, cycle life, capacity, and durability (shock, vibration, and temperature tolerance) Relationship. Table 2 lists several examples of 18650 lithium-ion batteries used in cordless power tools today.

04Brushless DC Motor (BLDC)

BLDC motors have many advantages over brushed permanent magnet DC (PMDC) motors, especially higher reliability, almost no maintenance, lower electrical and acoustic noise, better thermal performance, higher speed range and Power density.

A typical cordless power tool BLDC motor uses permanent magnets on the rotor and three armature windings (U, V, W) on the stator. The microcontroller (MCU) implements one of a variety of control and modulation schemes (trapezoid, sine, FOC with SVM, DTC, etc.) to strategically power the motor windings. This generates an electromagnetic field, which creates an interaction force between the rotor magnet and the stator winding. If handled properly, this interaction can precisely control the speed, torque, or power of the motor in the desired direction.

Figure 1 shows a typical block diagram of a cordless power tool based on a 3-phase BLDC motor. The MCU executes the control and modulation scheme firmware, which instructs its PWM peripheral to output six coordinated duty cycles to the three NCP81080 (2 mm x 2 mm) half-bridge gate drivers. These three drivers act as the power steering for the six power MOSFETs in the output bridge, supplying power to the U, V, and W MOSFETs of the lower bridge (LS) and upper bridge (HS).

These are usually N-channel MOSFETs with a rated voltage of 1.5 to 2.0 times the battery voltage, as shown in Table 3. The drain-to-source (VDSS) voltage is a first-order approximation parameter for selecting MOSFETs. There are many other considerations when choosing a MOSFET, including BLDC power, as well as cost, RDS(on), QG, packaging, etc.

MCU can measure the current through each winding through NCS2007x (typical bandwidth of 3MHz), and can choose to use Hall effect sensor feedback to evaluate the angular position of the rotor. In addition, a sensorless architecture can also be implemented, but with more processing overhead. RSL10 BLE can be used for battery/tool asset tracking, firmware over-the-air update (FOTA), function selection/adjustment and telemetry data collection.

Electric tools, electric hammers are a type of electric drill, mainly used to drill holes in concrete, floor slabs, brick walls and stone. Professional drilling on walls, concrete, and stone, as well as a multi-functional electric hammer, adjusted to the appropriate position and equipped with a suitable drill bit can replace ordinary electric drills and electric picks. The high-end electric hammer can use the switch to make the drill bit of the electric hammer in different working states, that is, it only rotates without impact, only impacts without rotation, and both impacts and rotates.

Advantages and disadvantages of electric hammer

Advantages: high efficiency, large hole diameter, long drilling depth.

Insufficiency: The vibration is large, and it has a certain degree of damage to the surrounding structures. The steel bars in the concrete structure cannot pass smoothly. Due to the requirements of the working range, they cannot be too close to the building

HAMMER DRILL
How to choose electric hammer drill

Choose a multifunctional electric hammer, that is, an electric hammer with two functions: hammer drill and flat drill. In this way, it can also be used as an electric drill when adjusted to the level drill gear. It can be used to make holes in metal or wood, and it can also be used to unscrew and unscrew screws when installing the cabinet. The electric hammers currently on the market are basically multifunctional.
Electric hammer with speed switch. When the switch is touched, the speed is low, which can help the machine to start drilling smoothly (for example, drilling on a smooth surface such as a tile, which can not only prevent the drill bit from slipping, but also prevent the hole from breaking). The high speed can be used to ensure the work during normal work. efficient.
The function of forward and reverse rotation is indispensable. When the electric hammer is drilled into the wall, it is inevitable that the drill bit will be stuck. At this time, you only need to adjust the reverse direction and gently pull it out, and the drill bit will come out. If there is no reversal function, it will be very laborious and easy to get injured.
Choose an electric hammer with a shock absorption system. A good shock absorption system can make the operator comfortable to hold and relieve fatigue. Soft rubber handles can also increase grip comfort.
A lighter weight electric hammer can make your work easier. It is recommended to use a light electric hammer, the weight is best controlled below 3KG, it will not be too difficult when working upwards.
Lithium electric hammer is more convenient. Lithium batteries can be charged and used, and storage is more concise. It’s just that there are not many lithium electric hammers currently on the market.
Pay attention to the electric hammer chuck device. If the chuck is square and four pits, you need to buy a square four pit drill. If the chuck is two pits and two grooves, you need to buy a two pit and two groove drill. If you buy randomly without paying attention to the model of the drill bit, it will be troublesome to buy the drill bit that does not fit.
Precautions for the use of electric hammer and electric drill

Check before operation: a. The shell and handle are not cracked or damaged; b. The cable cord and plug are intact, the switch action is normal, and the protective zero connection is correct, firm and reliable; c. All protective covers are complete and firm, The electrical protection device is reliable.
After the machine is started, it should run without load, and the machine should be checked and confirmed that the linkage of the machine is flexible and unimpeded. During operation, the afterburner should be steady and not too strong.
The handle of the electric drill or electric hammer should be mastered during the operation, and the drill bit should be placed on the working surface of the special-shaped rivet when drilling, and then actuate with moderate force to avoid shaking; if the speed drops sharply, reduce the force to prevent the motor from overloading, and it is strictly forbidden to use wood Pressurize.
When drilling holes, pay attention to avoiding the steel bars in the concrete.
The electric drill and electric hammer are 40% intermittent work system, and can’t be used continuously for a long time.
When the working aperture is more than 25mm, there should be a stable working platform, and guardrails should be arranged around it.
Overload use is strictly prohibited. Attention should be paid to the sound and temperature rise during operation. If abnormalities are found, the machine should be shut down for inspection immediately. When the working time is too long and the temperature rise of the machine exceeds 60°C, the machine should be shut down and allowed to cool down before starting work.
During the operation, do not touch the cutting tools, molds and grinding wheels of the electric hammer or electric saw with your hands. If it is found to be blunt or damaged, it should be shut down immediately for repair or replacement, and then continue the operation.
Don’t let go when the machine is rotating.